Energy forecasting is complex. All credible forecasts show global consumption of fossil fuels expanding through 2040 and beyond, with gas expanding most rapidly, oil levelling off, and coal possibly declining. Citizens in the most-developed countries show ever-increasing demand for energy despite increasing efficiencies, while people in developing nations strive to achieve the energy-rich lifestyles of North America and Europe. Some analysts speak of energy transitions and a “post-carbon” or “decarbonized” world. But there is little evidence that we are in such a transition. Expanding energy demands dictate that oil and gas production must increase in addition to the current rapid expansion of renewable power generation. In North America, we are seeing significant pushback as governments begin to ask citizens to put real money on the table through carbon taxes, instead of just protesting against energy companies and expressing cost-free sentiments. We’ll examine the realities and consider some challenges around energy supply in the coming decades.