Comprised of 20 chapters, Memoir 124 is the most complete publication about one of the largest deep-water oil provinces ever discovered in the world: The giant pre-salt Santos Basin, Brazil. This volume contains: detailed descriptions of the elements of the petroleum systems present in the Santos Basin, Brazil, including oil, source rock, reservoir, and traps; detailed descriptions of the process of the petroleum systems, including generation, migration, accumulation, and preservation; and discussion on the use of the petroleum system concept in the Santos Basin to provide an effective means to differentiate, characterize, and de-risk each of the petroleum systems present in the basin.