Acknowlegments This project was supported by NSF (EAR9218945) and a GSA student research grant. The paper substantially benefitted from discussions with S.Jacobson, A. Beisel, D. Naidin, J. Collinson, and H. Tischler. Thanks go to Y. Bogomolov and B. Shurygin for field assistance. The authors are grateful to W. Devlin, G. Ulmishek, and G. Baum for very helpful reviews. Stratigraphic descriptions: Russian Platform stratigraphy is subdivided into lithostratigraphic formations. The correlation of formations to biostratigraphic zonation is shown on figures 5 and 6. Teplyi Stan (M1) This well is located in southern Moscow city near the Teplyi Stan metro station, altitude 253 m, depth 144.6 m. Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Quaternary 34 Clay and mud with pebbles, moraine deposits 11.8 Cretaceous Tentikovskaya Formation (Upper Santonian) 2.4 33 Silty clay with silica; greenish gray; lenses and layers of quartz-glauconitic silt and very fine sand; fragments of light gray siliceous ooze Dmitrovskaya Formation (Upper Santonian) 32 Clayey sand; greenish gray, brown limonite 1.0 mottles; micaceous; thin layers of quartz-glauconitic sandstone; erosional unconformity at the lower contact Zagorskaya Formation (Upper Coniacian-Lower Santonian) 31 Unsorted quartz sand; rusty yellow; predominantly 5.8 fine-medium grained with quartz gravel; layers of greenish gray silty clays; quartz-glauconitic sandstone concretions with siliceous cement 30 Unsorted predominantly fine sand; light brown; 2.5 quartz and chert gravel with basal erosional unconformity Jakhromskaya Formation (Lower Cenomanian-Upper Albian) 29 Fine quartz sand; greenish gray; massive, 3.8 ferrous in lower part 28 Fine sand; greenish to light gray; clayey 1.4 erosional unconformity at the lower contact Paramonovskaya Formation (Upper Albian) 27 Clayey silt; greenish gray to dark gray; brown 16.6 limonite mottles, micaceous; thin layers of black clay; Nereites and Zoophycos trace fossils 26 Silty clay to fine clayey silt; dark gray to black; 5.0 horizontally laminated rare small horizontal trace fossils 25 Very fine quartz-glauconitic clayey sand; black, 0.8 massive 24 Intercalation of dark gray clayey silts, black 6.1 silty clays, and fine clayey sands; clayey phosphorite concretions; lenses of very fine sand in the lower part 23 Fine-medium glauconitic-quartz sand, dark gray to 0.7 black; quartz gravel and phosphorite pebbles in the lower part; erosional unconformity at the lower contact Gavrilkovskaya Formation (Middle Albian) 22 Medium-fine quartz sand; dark gray; small sandy 5.1 phosphorite concretions in the lower part; erosional unconformity at the base Volgushinskaya Formation (Upper Aptian) 21 Fine sand and silt; light to bluish gray; clayey, 5.7 micaceous; thin lenses and layers of clay in the lower part, flaser bedding sedimentary structure 20 Poorly sorted, predominantly medium sand; brownish 1.5 gray; quartz gravel thin layer of phosphorite in the lower part Vorokhobinskaya Formation (Lower Aptian) 19 Fine clayey quartz sand; dark gray; micaceous, 7.1 horizontal trace fossils layer of sandstone with siderite cement; wavy erosional surface at the base Ikshinskaya Formation (Lower Aptian) 18 Fine sand; dark to brownish gray; clayey, 3.8 micaceous; horizontally laminated, thin layers of black clay; plant detritus; erosional surface at the base Butovskaya Formation (Barremian) 17 Intercalation of black silty clays and brown 4.7 fine sands; mean thickness of layers is approx. 5cm; trough cross-bedding in sands, flaser bedding in some places; concretion of siderite sand in the lower part; lower contact is very distinct but with no evidence of erosion Kotelnikovskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 16 clay; dark gray to black; massive 1.4 Gremyachevskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 15 Unsorted quartz sand and sandstone; grayish 5.7 brown; predominantly fine-grained, small quartz gravels; siderite cement Savelievskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 14 Fine quartz sand; dark gray; clayey, micaceous; 4.6 layers of clay; hummocky cross-stratified; erosional unconformity at the lower contact Jurassic Kuntsevskaya Formation (Upper Volgian, zone C. nodiger) 13 Fine quartz sand; gray; micaceous, clayey; 13.6 lenticular bedding in lower part 12 Fine sand; greenish gray; micaceous, clayey; 4.6 plant detritus; wavy to lenticular bedding Lopatinskaya Formation (Middle-Upper Volgian) 11 Fine clayey sand; greenish black; shell detritus, 3.7 fragments of belemnites, fragment of mid-Volgian ammonite; erosional surface at the base Philevskaya Formation (Middle Volgian) 10 Coarse silt; brownish to dark gray; clayey, 4.5 micaceous, limy in some places fragments of thin bivalve shells; Virgatites sp. Egorievskaya Formation (Middle Volgian, zone V.virgatus) 9 Fine sand; black; clayey, glauconite; abundant 0.9 shell detritus; abundant phosphorite concretions in the lowermost part; Erosional unconformity at the base, ammonite imprints: Virgatites sp. Ermolinskaya Formation (Lower Kimmeridgian-Upper Oxfordian) 8 Silty rich clay; dark gray to black; abundant 11.2 shell detritus, pyrite; bivalve shells and ammonite imprints; Amoeboceras sp., Cylindrotheutis costromensis Kolomenskaya Formation (Upper Oxfordian) 7 Silty clay; gray; small shell detritus; small 1.0 deformed ammonites Podmoskovnaya Formation (Middle-Upper Oxfordian) 6 Lean clay; brownish gray; fine horizontal 0.6 lamination; fine shell detritus; small ammonites in the lower part 5 Clay; dark gray; fine laminated; small lenses 2.0 of light gray silt; large ammonites erosional unconformity at the lower contact Podosinkovskaya Formation (Upper Callovian-Lower Oxfordian) 4 Clay; greenish gray; compact, shell detritus, 2.6 small lenses of light gray silt; small ammonites 3 Clay; light greenish gray; fine lamination; 1.5 pyrite; rare horizontal trace fossils; erosional unconformity at the base Kriushskaya Formation (Middle Callovian) 2 Oolitic clay-marl; rusty brown with light gray 1.0 mottles; erosional unconformity Carboniferous 1 Limestone 0.8 Varavino (M456b) Well is located in Moscow Province, Sergiev-Posad County, 0.2 km south-east of village Varavino Altitude 201 m, depth 222.3 m. Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Quaternary 27 Silty clay and silt with pebble and boulders, 32.5 moraine deposits; erosional unconformity at the base Cretaceous Jakhromskaya Formation (Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian) 26 Clayey silt; greenish gray; thin clay layers; 8.2 bioturbation erosional unconformity at the lower contact Paramonovskaya Formation (Upper Albian) 25 Clay; black; compact, sometimes silty; thin 26.2 layers of medium sand; rare phosphorite concretions; erosional unconformity at the lower contact Gavrilkovskaya Formation (Middle Albian) 24 Fine to medium sand; grayish green; glauconitic- 7.6 quartz, clayey; clayey and sandy-clayey phosphorite concretions of irregular shapes; erosional unconformity at the lower contact Volgushinskaya Formation (Upper Aptian) 23 Clayey silt; gray and dark gray; horizontally 3.2 laminated, micaceous; in the lower part more clayey and abundant plant detritus Vorokhobinskaya Formation (Lower Aptian) 22 Fine to silty sand; dark gray; thin coaly layers, 8.8 very micaceous wavy erosion at the base Ikshinskaya Formation (Lower Aptian) 21 Fine to medium quartz sand; dark brown; micaceous, 0.3 20 Fine to silty sand; light brownish gray to 6.5 white; clayey, micaceous; abundant coaly plant detritus in the lower part 19 Silty quartz sand; snow white; coaly pellets, 4.4 erosional surface at the base Kotelnikovskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 18 Fine to medium quartz sandstone; grayish brown; 2.9 clayey ferruginous cement 17 Clayey-coaly silt; black; small phosphorite 0.5 nodules and concretions 16 Clay; grayish brown; fine laminated, micaceous 2.8 Gremyachevskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 15 Fine to medium quartz sand; greenish brown; 8.2 glauconite; clayey-ferruginous cement; two layers of coaly clay in the upper part 14 Fine sand; dark gray to black; silty, micaceous; 1.2 erosional unconformity at the base Rostovskaya Formation (Lower Hauterivian) 13 Fine quartz sand; white; micaceous, glauconitic 9.8 12 Fine silty sand; greenish dark gray; clayey, 1.5 micaceous, rare coaly fragments 11 Fine sand; brownish gray; small lenses of white 1.5 sand; numerous phosphorite sandy and clayey nodules; fragments of coalified wood 10 Fine to medium quartz sand; black; clayey, 7.7 glauconitic; thin layers of coaly clay; erosional unconformity at the base Jurassic Kostromskaya Formation (Mid Volgian) 9 Quartz glauconitic sandstone; phosphate cement; 0.8 abundant bivalve shells and ammonites; erosional unconformity at the base Gorkinskaya Formation (Upper Kimmeridgian) 8 Silty clay; dark gray; micaceous 0.7 7 Clay; black; well-rounded clayey phosphorite 2.5 nodules, carbonate detritus wavy erosional surface at the lower contact Ermolinskaya Formation (Upper Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian) 6 Compact clay; dark gray; horizontally laminated; 7.6 abundant carbonate detritus; abundant Zoophycos and Nereites trace fossils in the lower part with marcasite; large bivalve shells, small ammonites and belemnites; erosional unconformity at the base Podmoskovnaya Formation (Mid-Upper Oxfordian) 5 Compact clay; dark gray to brownish; abundant 5.2 carbonate detritus and and foraminifera; limonitized in the lower part; erosional surface at the base Podosinkovskaya Formation (Upper Callovian-Lower Oxfordian) 4 Compact clay; light gray; fine laminated; 0.8 abundant Zoophycos and Rhizocorallium trace fossils with silt and marcasite; thin carbonate detritus; erosional surface at the base Velikodvorskaya Formation 3 Clay; light to bluish gray; fine laminated; 4.0 abundant carbonate detritus,with fine sand in the lower part Kriushskaya Formation 2 Clay; brownish gray; horizontally laminated; 0.8 abundant iron oolites, layer of light gray oolitic marl; erosional unconformity at the base Carboniferous 1 Dolomite; dark brown 16.1 Savelievo (M163) Well is located in Vladimir Province, Kirzhach County, 1.2 km south of village Savelievo. Altitude 204 m, Depth 155.8 m Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Quaternary 33 Sandy clay; brownish gray; erosional unconformity 2.5 at the base Cretaceous Tentikovskaya Formation (Upper Santonian) 32 Siliceous ooze; light gray; massive, clayey 8.0 in some places 31 Compact siliceous ooze; light to brownish gray; 7.5 with lenses and layers of fine glauconitic quartz sand in the lower part 30 Fine siltstone with siliceous cement; small lenses 0.4 of quartz glauconitic sand; small horizontal trace fossils Dmitrovskaya Formation (Upper Santonian) 29 Fine to very fine quartz sandstone; light to dark 2.6 gray; glauconitic wavy erosional surface at the base Zagorskaya Formation (Upper Coniacian-Lower Santonian) 28 Siliceous ooze and clayey siliceous ooze; gray; 6.5 with Inoceramus sp. 27 Unsorted sandstone; dark gray; predominantly fine; 0.5 gravel and pebbles in the basal part; erosional unconformity at the base Chernevskaya Formation (Mid-Upper Turonian) 26 Sandy marl; brownish gray; with gravel 2.7 25 Fine to medium sand; light to purplish gray; 1.5 clayey, calcareous; small phosphorite concretions in basal part 24 Poorly sorted, predominantly fine to medium sand; 1.2 light gray; marly; erosional unconformity at the base Lyaminskaya Formation (Lower Cenomanian) 23 Fine to very fine sandstone; gray; coarse grains, 2.8 calcareous in the upper part; erosional unconformity at the lower contact Paramonovskaya Formation (Upper Albian) 22 Clayey glauconitic siltstone; dark gray to black; 17.8 pyrite; small phosphorite concretions in the upper part; abundant small horizontal trace fossils in lower part 21 Silty clay, dark gray to black; horizontal 11.2 lamination; abundant small horizontal trace fossils; pyrite 20 Compact rich clay; dark gray to black; very small 5.6 lenses of silt and very fine sand 19 Clayey silt; gray; massive 1.7 18 Unsorted quartz glauconitic sand; greenish gray; 0.3 very fine to coarse with dominating fine grains; abundant well-rounded small (0.5-1 cm) pebbles of clayey phosphorite; erosional unconformity at base Gavrilkovskaya Formation (Mid Albian) 17 Unsorted quartz glauconitic sand; grayish green; 9.2 fine to coarse with dominance of medium grains; small (3-5 cm) coarse sandy phosphorite nodules; erosional unconformity at base Kolokshinskaya Formation (Lower Albian) 16 Fine to very fine quartz sandstone; dark gray; 14.0 clayey, glauconitic 15 Clayey glauconitic silt; light to purplish gray; 1.4 thin layers and lenses of very fine sand in the lower part; erosional unconformity at base Vorokhobinskaya Formation (Lower Aptian) 14 Very fine sand; brownish gray; silty; wavy 6.9 erosional surface at lower contact Kotelnikovskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 13 Clayey silt; dark gray; massive or horizontally 5.4 laminated Gremyachevskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 12 Unsorted quartz sand; dark to greenish gray; fine 4.1 to coarse with dominance of medium grains; clayey; clayey silt in the upper part 11 Fine to very fine quartz sand; light gray; 6.4 Savelievskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 10 Clayey silt; brownish gray; in the upper part, 8.5 micaceous, pyrite, coalified plant detritus Sobinskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 9 Clayey silt; dark gray; lenses of unsorted sand; 1.0 sandy in the lower part sedimentary structures resembling hummocky cross stratification 8 Unsorted sand; dark to brownish gray; fine to coarse 2.1 with dominance of fine grains; micaceous; layers and lenses of silty and calcareous clay 7 Fine to very fine sand; dark to brownish gray; 2.0 micaceous fragments of fine calcareous sandstone with ammonites Simbirskites cf. coronatiformis 6 Fine sand; dark gray to black; calcareous, clayey, 1.4 with pyrite erosional unconformity at base Rostovskaya Formation (Lower Hauterivian) 5 Fine to very fine quartz sand; light gray; 4.4 ?glauconite, clayey in lower part 4 Very fine sand; smoky gray; micaceous, clayey; 6.5 calcareous in lower part 3 Sandy conglomerate; brownish to dark gray; angular 2.4 to well rounded pebbles of gray to black clayey phosphorite (several generations), small (0.5-1 cm) pebbles dominate, largest can be 4-5 cm; matrix consist of fine calcareous sand; erosional unconformity at base Jurassic Ermolinskaya Formation (Upper Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian) 2 Silty clay; brownish gray to black; dark gray 1.5 phosphorite pebbles in lower part 1 Silty clay; dark gray; horizontal lamination; 5.2 abundant fauna of ammonites and bivalves: Rasenia stephanoides, Amoeboceras sp., Melagrinella subtilis, Loripes kostromensis, Buchia ex. gr. bronni, Astarte cordata, Parallelodon sp., Dicroloma sp. Lasitsy (M121) Well is located in eastern Ryazan Province, 850 m south of village Lasitsy Altitude 145.5 m, depth 105 m. Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Quaternary 25 Clay, sand, erosional unconformity at the base 25.7 Cretaceous Maidanskaya Formation (Lower Aptian, D.weissi zone) 24 Clayey quartz silt; light gray; micaceous; 2.7 horizontal lamination 23 Silty and clay; brownish green gray; fragments 1.8 of coalified wood; sandy siderite concretions in the upper portion; with fine to medium sand 22 Clayey silt; light to smoky gray; micaceous; thin 5.7 layers of dark brown clay horizontal lamination; plant detritus 21 Clayey silt and fine quartz sand; light gray; 2.8 micaceous 22 Silt and fine sand; light gray; clayey, micaceous; 4.6 massive; small plant detritus 21 Lean clay; gray; numerous small lenses of fine 0.7 quartz sand; erosional surface at the lower contact Lasitskaya Formation (Lower Aptian, M.ridzewskyi zone) 20 Fine top medium quartz sand; yellowish gray; grains 3.0 are well rounded 19 Fine quartz sand; brownish gray to dark gray; silty 2.6 and clayey 18 Fine quartz sand; dark gray to black; clayey, 2.4 micaceous; abundant pyrite nodules (0.5-4 cm); erosional unconformity at base Okshovskaya Formation (Upper Hauterivian) 17 Silty clay; dark gray to black; micaceous; abundant 4.2 quartz grains and chamosite oolites in middle part 16 Silty clay; light gray to rusty brown; abundant 2.2 iron (chamosite) oolites; erosional unconformity at base Izhevskaya Formation (Lower Hauterivian) 15 Phosphorite; brown gray; well rounded quartz sand 1.2 and gravel; abundant iron oolites and oncoids; phosphate cement; abundant bivalves: Buchia sublaevis; erosional unconformity at base Jurassic Elatminskaya Formation (Lower Callovian) 14 Fine silt; light gray to gray; clayey, micaceous; 7.6 horizontal lamination; large bivalve shells and belemnite fragments 13 Clayey silt; light to smoky gray; fine horizontal 3.6 lamination; small horizontal trace fossils; small poorly preserved ammonites 12 Clayey silt; dark gray; micaceous; wavy lamination, 3.2 abundant horizontal trace fossils; coalified wood fragments; well preserved lower Callovian ammonites 11 Silty clay; gray; micaceous; fragments of coalified 2.8 wood; bioturbated; small horizontal trace fossils 10 Silty clay; brownish gray; micaceous; plant 7.6 detritus; coalified and pyritized fragments of wood and belemnite fragments in the basal part; well preserved ammonites in middle part; erosional unconformity at base Mokshinskaya Formation (Mid-Late Bathonian) 9 Clay; light gray; silty in the lower part; 5.2 horizontal lamination 8 Coarse silt; light gray; micaceous, quartz- 1.2 glauconitic; massive 7 Clay; gray; fine horizontal lamination; thin layers 3.3 of silt 6 Silty clay; brownish to light gray; sandy in upper 1.9 and lower parts; horizontal lamination 5 Clay; light gray; horizontal lamination 1.5 4 Silty clay; gray; abundant plant remnants and 1.5 detritus; horizontal lamination Vyazhnevskaya Formation (Upper Bajocian-Lower Bathonian) 3 Clay; brownish to dark gray; coalified plant 2.5 remnants; shell detritus 2 Oolitic marl; brownish to dark gray; shell detritus; 1.0 abundant iron oolites erosional unconformity at the base Carboniferous 1 Limestone 1.5 Boyarka River section (Valanginian-Hauterivian part) Section is located in southern Taimyr Peninsula at 97.5 E, 70.7 N and is exposed in several outcrops along Boyarka River. Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Lower Hauterivian zone Homolsomites bojarkensis 28 Sandy silt; bluish-gray; fine sand in the 3.5 upper part; Arctichnus trace fossils 27 Silt clayey; dark gray 2.5 26 Silty clay; bluish gray, massive; lenses of 18.0 greenish gray sand in upper part 25 Clayey silt; gray; sandy in some parts; rare 7.0 carbonate concretions; lower contact - wavy erosional surface 24 Silt, fine sand; dark to yellow gray; abundant 6.8 Arctichnus trace fossils 23 Silt; gray; lenses of jarosite 4.2 22 Sandy silt/clay; gray; lenses of silty sand with 4.1 brown limonite mottles; wavy erosion at the lower contact 21 Sandy silt - sand; greenish gray; small jarosite 9.9 lenses 20 Silty clay; dark gray; rare carbonate concretions 2.4 Fauna: Homolsomites sp. ind. 19 Sandy silt; light gray; Arctichnus trace fossils 7.1 18 Fine sand; gray; abundant Arctichnus trace fossils 2.9 17 Silt; gray; micaceous, sandy in the lower part 2.0 Ammonites: Homolsomites bojarkensis 16 Silt sandy and clayey; dark gray; erosional 6.7 unconformity at the lower contact; Fauna: Neocraspedites kotschetkovi, Polyptychites cf. bidichotomoides, Homolsomites sp., Upper Valanginian zone Dichotomites bidichotomus 15 Fine sand and sandy silt; light gray; coarse-grained 5.8 light-greenish sand with mineralized wood and rare carbonate concretions in the lower part; Arctichnus trace fossils in lower and upper (sandier) parts Fauna: Polyptychites (Dichotomites) aff. bidichotomus 14 Clayey silt; dark gray; shell accumulation of 2.9 "shell pavement" type at the base; Arctichnus trace fossils Fauna: Polyptychites polyptichus, Polyptychites bidichotomus, Polyptychites bidichotomoides 13 Sandy silt; greenish gray; carbonate concretions; 8.2 abundant Arctichnus trace fossils; wavy erosion at the lower contact. Fauna: Polyptychites polyptychus, P. triplodiptychus, P. bidichotomus, P. bidichotomoides Lower Valanginian zone Polyptychites polyptychus 12 Sandy silt; greenish gray Fauna: Temnoptychites 2.0 mediatus, Polyptychites polyptychus, P. triplodiptichus, P. beani, P.bidichotomus 11 Sand; greenish gray; ferruginous, silty in the 4.3 lower part, rare carbonate concretions; abundant Arctichnus trace fossils Fauna: Siberites rectangulatus, Temnoptychites mediatus, P. beani, Polyptychites polyptychus, 10 Clay and clayey silt; dark gray; rounded shape 5.1 carbonate concretions, sandy in the lower part 9 Sand and silty sand; greenish gray to bluish gray; 14.7 rare scattered carbonate concretions, ferrous in some parts; abundant Arctichnus in the lower part; mineralized wood patterns in the middle part and horizon of carbonate concretions in the lower part; shell accumulation of "shingled" type in the middle part; wavy erosion at the lower contact Fauna: Siberites rectangulatus, S. ramulicostata zone Temnoptychites syzranicus 8 Fine sand and sandy silt; yellowish to greenish 14.4 gray; rare nodules of lime sandstone; abundant Arctichnus trace fossils; abundant mineralized wood in the upper part; trough cross-bedding in the lower part; Fauna: Neocraspedites menjaiteformis, Siberites rectangulatus, S.ramulicostata, Temnoptychites sp. ind. 7 Sandy silt; gray; rare carbonate nodules; Arctichnus 7.8 trace fossils and small trough cross-bedding in the upper part 6 Clay; dark to greenish gray 5.0 5 Fine sand and silty sand; greenish gray; 10.3 ferruginous, high content of leptochlorite; tabular/trough crossbeds and concretions of limy sandstone in the lower part; wavy erosion at the lower contact; Arctichnus trace fossils and shell accumulations of "shingled" type in the lower part; Fauna: Neotollia maimetschensis 4 Sand; greenish gray; leptochlorites; abundant 17.0 trough and tabular cross-beds; sandy carbonate concretions; Rhizocorallium and Zoophycos trace fossils; "regularly distributed" accumulations of shells; Fauna: Neotollia klimovskiensis 3 Sand; greenish gray; plant detritus; trough 8.6 cross-beds flasers of clay in the lower part; abundant Arctichnus, and Rhizocorallium only in the lower part; shell accumulations of "shell pavement" type; Fauna: Tollia sp. ind., Temnoptychites sp. ind. 2 Fine sand; greenish gray; limonite mottles around 14.5 some mineralized wood patterns; trough cross-beds and clay flasers; abundant Arctichnus and Rhizocorallium trace fossils; Berriasian zone Bojarkia mesezhnikovi 1 Silty clay; dark gray; massive 20.0 Yangoda River section Section is located in southern Taimyr peninsula at 88 E, 70.7 N and is exposed in several outcrops along the Yangoda River. Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Lower Coniacian layers with Inoceramus schulginae - I. jangodaensis 20 Fine sand; greenish gray; massive, sandy 5.0 concretions in the lower part climbing ripples, vertical trace fossils (Arctichnus) 19 Fine sand; greenish gray; massive, well sorted; 2.5 numerous phosphorite and siderite nodules in the basal part; lower contact is an erosional unconformity. Fossils: shark teeth, fragments of vertebras of Pliosauroids 18 Fine quartz sand; light gray; climbing ripples 7.5 17 Intercalation of fine- medium sand with clay 3.9 layers; abundant siderite concretions of different shapes; abundant trace fossils including Arctichnus, Rhizocorallium Fossils: Inoceramus jangodaensis, I. schulginae 16 Fine sand; greenish gray; small trough cross-bedding 3.0 in the upper part; rare phosphorite and siderite concretions; Ophiomorpha burrows; wavy erosional surface at the lower contact; Fossils: Inoceramus jangodaensis, I. schulginae 15 Fine sand, same lithology as unit 11. Fossils: 3.0 Inoceramus schulginae, I. jangodaensis, I. lamarcki, I.websteri, I. aff. monopterus, I. sp. zone Volviceramus subinvolutus 14 Fine sand; light gray; large trough cross-bedding, 6.0 abundant siderite concretions; abundant fragments of wood; Fossils: Cremnoceramus incostans, Volviceramus subinvolutus, Inoceramus lamarcki, I. jangodaensis, I.websteri, I. aff. monopterus, I. sp., Arctica sp., Euspira sp. 13 Unsorted sand; dark green; small lenses of clay 3.0 and silt; sandy phosphorite concretions in the lower part; abundant Arctichnus and Rhizocorallium trace fossils; wavy erosion at the lower contact Fossils: Inoceramus schulginae, I. jangodaensis, I. lamarcki, I. cf. websteri, I. sp., I. aff. monopterus, Protocardia sp., Nuculoma (?) sp., Euspira sp., Serrifusus sp., shark teeth, Elasmosauridae vertebrae 12 Fine sand and silty sand; dark gray; thin layers 10.5 of silt; plant detritus and small fragments of wood; rare vertical trace fossils in the upper part Fossils: Cremnoceramus incostans, Volviceramus subinvolutus, I. sp., Inoceramus schulginae 11 Silty sand; light gray; thin layers of clay and 5.7 silt; plant detritus, abundant mineralized wood in the upper part Fossils: Inoceramus schulginae, I. jangodaensis, I. cf. pseudocancellatus, Cremnoceramus incostans 10 Fine sand; light to dark green; numerous layers 2.6 of silty clay, lenses of unsorted siderite sand, sandy phosphorite concretions, small trough crossbedding, abundant Arctichnus trace fossils; erosional wavy surface at the lower contact. Fossils: Inoceramus inaequivalvis, I. lamarcki, Cremnoceramus incostans, Volviceramus subinvolutus, I. cf. pseudocancellatus Upper Turonian zone Inoceramus inaequivalvis 9 Clay and silty clay; bluish gray to dark brown; 5.0 lenses and thin layers of fine cross-bedded and bioturbated sand; abundant jarosite in the lower part; rare Rhizocorallium trace fossils 8 Clayey silt and silty clay, micaceous; dark gray 7.4 to black; small sandy siderite concretions in the lower part; small pyrite nodules 7 Fine sand; dark gray to brown; concretions of 3.0 sandy siderite, rare fragments of wood; abundant Rhizocorallium and rare Arctichnus trace fossils; wavy erosion at the lower contact Fossils: Inoceramus pseudocancellatus, I. inaequivalvis, I. shulginae 6 Fine sand; light gray; thin layers of clay and 21.0 plant detritus in the lower part, well sorted with trough cross-beds in the upper part; rare fragments of mineralized wood 5 Black clay; small pyrite nodules, layer of 3.0 carbonate concretions in the lower part 4 Clayey silt; dark gray; phosphorite and sandy 2.0 siderite concretions in the lower part, and accumulations of shell fragments, erosional unconformity at the lower contact Fossils: fragments of Inoceramus pseudocancellatus 3 Clayey silt; greenish gray; abundant sandy 1.7 phosphorite concretions in the lower part, abundant Arctichnus trace fossils and coprolites. Fossils: Scaphites spp., Baculites sp., Inoceramus pseudocancellatus, inaequivalvis, I. shulginae, I. lamarcki, Lopatinia jenisseae, Nuculana sp., Nucula sp., Astarte sp., Arctica sp., Malletia nitens, Saturnia sp., Tankredia sp, Goniomya sp., Modiolus sp., Euspira sp., Drepanocheilus sotnikovi, Graphidula sp., Serrifusus sp. 2 Fine or medium sand; grayish green; bioturbated; 5.7 phosphorite concretions; abundant siderite and glauconite; Abundant Rhizocorallium and Arctichnus trace fossils; wavy erosion at the lower contact. Fossils: Inoceramus pseudocancellatus, I. inaequivalvis, Lopatinia jenisseae, Falcimytilus lanceolatus, Arctica sp., Pleuromya sp., Modiolus sp., Lucina sp., Protocardia sp., Euspira sp., Cylichna sp. 1 Fine sand; light gray to greenish gray; ferrous 10.2 in the middle part; thin clay layers, phosphorite concretions; Arctichnus trace fossils,pellets and coprolites; climbing ripples Fossils: Inoceramus sp. ind., Lopatinia jenisseae, Falcimytilus lanceolatus, gastropods, teeth of marine lizards Agapa River The section is located in southern Taimyr peninsula at 86 N, 70 E and is exposed in several outcrops along Agapa River. Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Lower Turonian Inoceramus labiatus zone 11 Fine sand; light gray; massive; large concretions 8.5 of sandstone in the upper part; Inoceramus labiatus 10 Clayey silt; greenish dark gray; extensively 11.0 bioturbated; small (3-4 cm) phosphorite concretions; siderite concretions in the upper part (8-10 cm); abundant shell detritus and accumulations; Fossils: Proplacenticeras sp., Borissiakoceras sp., Inoceramus labiatus , Nuculana sp., Malletia sp., Lopatinia jenissiae, Eusprira sp., Falcimytilus lanceolatus, Pyropsis sp. 9 Leptochlorite silt; greenish gray; extensively 1.5 bioturbated; accumulation of accumulation of shell detritus in the lower part; numerous siderite concretions in the middle part; Fossils: Proplacenticeras sp., Aporrhais sp., Fasciolaria sp., Cylichna sp., Pyropsis sp. 8 Silty clay; bluish dark gray; massive or fine 12.0 horizontal lamination; bioturbated in the uppermost part; rareInoceramus labiatus Upper Cenomanian, Inoceramus pictus zone 7 Leptochloritic silt; green gray; abundant phosphate 3.5 nodules and fossil accumulations (bivalves, ammonites, gastropods, etc.), including Inoceramus pictus Sow. 6 Silt and silty clay; gray; bioturbated; limonite 6.8 mottles; accumulations of small shells (bivalves and gastropods) . 5 Fine sand; greennish gray and green; two 5.5 layers of calcareous sand in the upper part and siderite concretions with abundant fauna including Inoceramus pictus Not observed (~30 m) 4 Clayey silt; gray; horizon of siderite concretions 12.5 with inoceramids in the lower part; scattered shells and accumulations of Lopatinea, ctenodontids; gastropods and belemnite rostra 3 Intercalation of sand, silt, and clay; light to 9.2 dark gray; horizontal lamination chained horizons of siderite concretions; clayey breccias; plant detritus 2 Quartz fine and medium sand; light gray; lens- 25.0 like accumulations of lignitic wood; and associated amber resins (retinites); large trough and tabular cross-bedding