Figures
The following figures are
in two formats: PDF and JPG for your convenience.
JPG |
PDF |
Details |
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figure01.pdf
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Flow chart depicting the
evolution of gas hydrate understanding from a non-producible unconventional
gas resource to a producible energy resource. |
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figure02.pdf
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Graphs showing the depth-temperature
zone in which methane hydrates are stable in (a) a permafrost region
and (b) an outer continental margin marine setting (modified from
Collett, 1995). |
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figure03.pdf
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Two gas hydrate crystal
structures: (a) Structure I; and (b) Structure II (modified from
Sloan, 1998). |
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figure04.pdf
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Location of known and
inferred gas hydrate occurrences (modified from Kvenvolden, 1993). |
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figure05.pdf
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Physiographic map of the
southeastern continental margin of North America. Location of ODP
Leg 164 drill sites are indicated. Also shown is the area (pink shaded
area) where gas hydrate occurrence has been mapped on the basis of
bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs). Contours are in meters. |
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figure06.pdf
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Seismic profile along
which Sites 994, 995, and 997 are located. Note that Site 994 is
not associated with a distinct BSR although a very strong BSR occurs
at Sites 995 and 997. |
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figure07.pdf
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Chloride concentration
profiles for interstitial waters collected from cores at Sites 994,
995, and 997. Downhole electrical resistivity log data from Sites
994, 995, and 997. Also shown is the chloride concentration and electrical
resistivity inferred gas hydrate distribution (modified from Shipboard
Scientific Party, 1996). |
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figure08.pdf
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Physiographic map of the
Cascadia continental margin of North America. Location of ODP Leg
146 drill sites are indicated. Also shown is the area (pink shaded
area) where gas hydrate occurrence has been mapped on the basis of
bottom simulating reflectors (modified from Hyndman et al., 1996). |
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figure09.pdf
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Downhole log data from
Site 889. Data shown include the natural gamma ray log, bulk-density
data, neutron porosities, compressional-wave acoustic velocities,
and deep-reading electrical resistivities. |
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figure10.pdf
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Cross section showing
the lateral and vertical extent of gas hydrates and underlying free-gas
occurrences in the Prudhoe Bay-Kuparuk River area in northern Alaska.
See Figure 11 for location of cross section. The gas-hydrate-bearing
units are identified with the reference letters A through F (modified
from Collett, 1993). |
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figure11.pdf
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Composite map of all
six gas-hydrate/free-gas units (Units A-F) from the Prudhoe Bay-Kuparuk
River area in northern Alaska. Also shown is the location of the
cross section in Figure 10 (modified from Collett, 1993). |
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figure12.pdf
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Map of part of the Mackenzie
Delta region showing the calculated depth to the base of the methane
hydrate stability zone (modified from Judge and Majorowicz, 1992).
Exploration wells with well log inferred gas hydrate occurrences
are shown. Contours are in meters. |
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figure13.pdf |
Well log display for
the Mallik 2L-38 well showing gas hydrate occurrences (highlighted
with gray shading) and interpreted geology. Data shown includes
the caliper log (CAL), natural gamma ray log (GR), neutron porosity
(NEU), bulk-density (DEN), compressional-wave acoustic velocity
(VEL), deep-reading electrical resistivity (RES), and total gas
from the mud log (GAS). |
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figure14.pdf
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Enlarged portion of Figure
13 showing downhole log data from the Mallik 2L-38 well. Data shown
includes the natural gamma ray log, neutron porosity, bulk-density,
deep-reading electrical resistivity, compressional- and shear-wave
acoustic velocities, and compressional-shear-wave acoustic velocity
ratios (Vp/Vs). Also shown is the depth of the downhole log inferred
gas-hydrate-bearing stratigraphic interval. |
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figure15.pdf |
Various morphological
forms of natural gas hydrate occurrence (modified from Sloan, 1998). |
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figure16.pdf |
Figure 16a: Permafrost
associated gas-hydrate reservoir model for conditions below the
base of ice-bearing permafrost (Model A).
Figure 16b: Permafrost
associated gas-hydrate reservoir model for conditions above the
base of ice-bearing permafrost (Model B).
Figure 16c: Marine (clay-rich)
gas-hydrate reservoir model (Model C).
Figure 16d: Free-gas-
and gas-hydrate-bearing reservoir model (Model D). |
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figure17.pdf |
Graph showing the depth-temperature
zone in which gas hydrates are stable in a permafrost region [assuming
a 9.795 kPa/m pore-pressure gradient] (modified from Holder et al.,
1987). |
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figure18.pdf |
Schematic of proposed
gas hydrate production methods. |
Tables
The following tables are
in two formats: PDF and Microsoft Word .DOC for your convenience.
Microsoft
Word Document |
PDF |
Description |
table01.doc
|
table01.pdf
|
Volume of gas within
the downhole log inferred gas hydrate occurrences at ODP Sites 994,
995, 997, and 889, and in the Northwest Eileen State-2 and Mallik
2L-38 wells
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table02.doc
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table02.pdf
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World estimates of the
amount of gas within hydrates
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table03.doc
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table03.pdf
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Economic study of gas
hydrate production |